7/22/2014

  PAIR           ACTION           Hit TP         Hit SL

EUR/CHF    BUY                      @
AUD/USD    BUY                                          @
USD/JPY      SELL                                         @

Monday-21-07-2014

Live Forex Market Hours Monitor:

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You are in total control of your trades! Your set up your preferred lot size. Our indications and advices regarding money management will exist only if you ask us!

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What is a free Forex signal?

Free Forex Signals / Forex trading is potentially highly profitable but known for the complexity and risk entailed.  Exchange rates are determined by the supply and demand levels of currencies. Free forex signals Levels will be influenced by multiple economic factors such as interest rates, inflation, Government debt and foreign trade flows. Often it is forecasts of the future evolution of these free forex signals factors that is more important than the actual value today. As such traders need not only to forecast (free forex signals) the future economic performance and policy of countries, but also crucially how perceptions of the countries will evolve. Governments may decide to intervene in markets to support a currency and their policy is often determined by political rather than economic forces. Forex markets are highly liquid and so respond rapidly to any unexpected news or shocks. Hence dedication and time is required to follow both currency movements and also the ability to interpret the influences in order to make valid trading decisions. Success often depends on the timing of a trading decision – because of the liquidity of the market opportunities (free forex signals) will be quickly acted upon by other traders, causing the exchange rate to move and the opportunity to have been realised.

All traders will use some kind of system for identifying opportunities /free forex signals. The resources invested into developing a system will be determined by the circumstances of the trader. Those employed by large financial firms will be able to call on the research carried out by analysts as well as algorithmic models. Private individuals will tend to use more simplistic tools and intuition. Such individuals will often purchase free forex  signals from specialist companies or brokers to alert them to potentially profitable currency pair trades (free forex signals).

Some free forex signal providers base their advice on traditional technical analysis while others use their own proprietary tools. The main criterion for choosing a free forex signals provider will be the quality of free forex signals provided in the past and how well these fit with the trader’s attitudes, trading plan and exit strategy.  But, as with most types of investment, past performance is not necessarily an accurate forex signals indicator of future success.   Because of the complexity and fast pace of the Forex Signal market coupled with the number of factors influencing it, success fromevery free forex signal cannot be guaranteed.

Users of free forex signals services must give consideration to whether it suits their style of trading and trading philosophy. In addition, how well signals are used will also have a bearing on their effectiveness.  A trader needs to respond appropriately to free forex signals, manage their money effectively and use the correct position sizing when trading signals, in order to maximize the benefit.  The choice of manual or automated trading can also affect the benefit of free forex signals – automated signalling often resulting in more timely execution.

WHAT IS A FREE FOREX SIGNAL?

This is a free forex signal – a buy or sell indicator generated by the analysis and interpretation of movements on the Forex.  Free forex Signals typically give details of the entry, exit and stop loss (limiting potential losses) figures for one or more currency pair trades, backed up by data such as graphs or trading analyses to justify the free forex signal.  They will also often give a trading history including pips, profit or loss each month, risk to benefit ratio, and actual trades. (A pip is a basis point used in Forex to denote changes in interest rate made by a central bank, and changes in the value of a currency over the course of a trading session).

Most free forex signals providers supply signals based on technical analysis rather than on fundamental analysis. Technical analysis forecasts future rates based on historical objective data such as exchange rates and trading volumes. There are various techniques used in technical analysis to identify trends, as well as support and resistance levels. Their common assumption is that the past is a useful indicator of the future.

Fundamental analysis tends to be used more for longer term investment ideas while technical analysis is used more to support short term trading. It is based on the political and economic factors that drive exchange rates. The results tend to forecast more what should happen to exchange rates rather than what will necessarily happen. The reason being that actual rates, particularly in the short term, are also affected by perception and subjective expectations.

ARE FREE FOREX SIGNALS HONEST?

No matter how well developed a free forex signal system is, forecasting economic development and perceptions will always be difficult and subject to an element of subjectivity. Free forex Signals based on historical data may be effective during stable economic evolution, but will have issues dealing with major economic shocks such as a country deciding to exit the Euro.

Any trading decision should be based on the intelligent use of signalling information rather than following signals blindly.  It is essential to keep abreast of market movements and maintain the ability to analyze political and economic developments. Only in this way, will users be able to judge the quality of the signals and the value in applying each of them.

As mentioned earlier, there are unscrupulous traders offering free signals purely in the interests of encouraging recipients to execute more trades, from which they gain commission.  As a result, these signals can often be unreliable.

WHAT IS A FREE FOREX SIGNALS PROVIDER?

Free Forex signals providers are professional traders, who during the course of their own trading alert others to promising trading opportunities.  Free forex signals are usually obtained by subscribing to free forex signal provider services, for which they may receive signals from one provider using various analyzes, or collective signals from multiple signal sources or ‘systems’.  Providers supply free forex signals via the internet or by means of a Forex EA (expert advisor) which is specialist free forex signal software installed on the trader’s computer.

It is possible to find providers offering free signals, but sometimes the reason for this is that their revenue comes from commission on each trade you to make – so they will send out lots of signals, not all of which may be reliable, in order to encourage you to trade more. But often legitimate signal providers will offer free trials on ‘demo’ accounts, or at reduced fees, to prove their worth to new subscribers.

Some free forex signal providers may offer additional services such as offering training or coaching, and providing educational articles on their website.  Others personally interact with traders in forums and over the telephone, etc.   Alternatively it is possible to delegate trading of your account to the free forex signal provider.

CAN FREE FOREX SIGNALS BE AUTOMATED?

Yes – many traders feel that automation of free forex signals provides significant opportunities to exploit the potential gains in trading currency pairs. The automation consists of a computer or web-based program, which utilizes a variety of Forex trading signals, and has the ability to analyze whether to buy or sell a currency pair, at any particular point. The program recommends decisions to the trader, based on a set of signals from technical analysis charting tools. The signals then generate a buy/sell decision.

Automated Forex trading represents many advantages over manual trading since it is implemented in real time from anywhere in the world. This is critical to avoid losses due to timing delays in the buying /selling of currency pairs in the volatile and continuously-moving environment of currency exchange.  Also, compared with manual trading, entry/exit trades can be executed quicker and save on time and the hassle of following markets around the world, operating in different time zones from your own.

Traders should look for next-generation automated Forex systems, which are available on the internet.  Those providing the most reliable results generally use Fibonacci tools and indicators such as RSI, MACD, Bollinger bands and oscillators, etc. In addition, they will apply the principles of a number of scientific theories, for example those based on Chaos and Wavelet Theories, Quantum Mechanics, and Fractal Geometry. A good automated system enables the trader to set and achieve realistic profit targets and can provide signals which capitalize on both short- and long-term currency movements.

HOW DOES FREE FOREX SIGNALS SOFTWARE WORK?

Using automated signalling provided by specialist forex signal software, often known as Forex EA, can be advantageous in a number of ways.  As well as enabling traders to capitalise on Forex markets 24 hours a day, it can also help to avoid the psychological or emotional element of trading, which can often sabotage successful trading.

Signalling software analyzes currency price charts and other market activity to identify signals.  It will pick up on trends in prices, spread discrepancies, and significant changes in the market, in order to detect advantageous currency pair trades. Users determine the program settings according to their own preferences, which govern how the software functions.  When the Forex program identifies a currency trade that satisfies those predetermined parameters for profitability, it sends a forex signal buy or sell alert to the user and automatically executes the trade.

 how does a free forex signals autotrading software work?

Free forex signals software can either be used as a web-based program, or through software installed on your own computer.  The downsides to the latter might be limited accessibility compared with a web-based program, and there may be security implications and possibly a fee for updates. Internet-based programs are generally well protected from hackers and viruses, and are regularly updated.

Those providing the most reliable results generally use a combination of Fibonacci tools and indicators such as the momentum oscillators: RSI, MACD, the Stochastic and Bollinger bands.  In addition, they will apply the principles of a number of progressive scientific theories, for example those based on Chaos and Wavelet Theories, Quantum Mechanics, and Fractal Geometry.

Changes to the Complera (emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir dispoproxil fumarate) labeling

On June 5, 2014, FDA approved changes to the  Complera (emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir dispoproxil fumarate) fixed-dose combination tablet labeling to include rilpivirine dose adjustment information when Complera is coadministered with rifabutin.

If Complera is coadministered with rifabutin, an additional 25 mg tablet of rilpivirine (Edurant) once per day is recommended to be taken concomitantly with Complera and with a meal for the duration of the rifabutin coadministration.

With these new dosing recommendations, rifabutin was removed from the CONTRAINDICATIONS section.

The revised labeling will be posted soon on the Drugs@FDA web page.

Complera is a product of Gilead Sciences, Inc.

Richard Klein
Office of Health and Constituent Affairs
Food and Drug Administration

Kimberly Struble
Division of Antiviral Products
Food and Drug Administration

Steve Morin
Office of Health and Constituent Affairs
Food and Drug Administration

http://astore.amazon.com/httpwwwkoratv-20

http://astore.amazon.com/httpwwwkoratv-20

Antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV infection Drugs Used in the Treatment of HIV Infection Click on drug brand name for additional information.

ATRIPLA

ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION for
ATRIPLA (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)

Who should not take ATRIPLA (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)?

You and your healthcare provider should decide if ATRIPLA is right for you. Do not take ATRIPLA if you are allergic to ATRIPLA or any of its ingredients.

What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking
ATRIPLA (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)?

Tell your healthcare provider if you:

• Are pregnant or planning to become pregnant: Women should not become pregnant while taking ATRIPLA and for 12 weeks after stopping ATRIPLA. Serious birth defects have been seen in children of women treated during pregnancy with one of the medicines in ATRIPLA. Women must use a reliable form of barrier contraception, such as a condom or diaphragm, even if they also use other methods of birth control, while on ATRIPLA and for 12 weeks after stopping ATRIPLA. Women should not rely only on hormone-based birth control, such as pills, injections, or implants, because ATRIPLA may make these contraceptives ineffective.
• Are breastfeeding: Women with HIV should not breastfeed because they can pass HIV and some of the medicines in ATRIPLA through their milk to the baby. We do not know if ATRIPLA could harm your baby.
• Have kidney problems or are undergoing kidney dialysis treatment
• Have bone problems
• Have liver problems, including hepatitis B or C virus infection. Your healthcare provider may want to do tests to check your liver while you take ATRIPLA or may switch you to another medicine.
• Have ever had mental illness or are using drugs or alcohol
• Have ever had seizures or are taking medicine for seizures. Seizures have occurred in patients taking efavirenz, a component of ATRIPLA, generally in those with a history of seizures. If you have ever had seizures, or take medicine for seizures, your healthcare provider may want to switch you to another medicine or monitor you.

What important information should I know about taking other medicines with
ATRIPLA (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)?

ATRIPLA may change the effect of other medicines, including the ones for HIV-1, and may cause serious side effects. Your healthcare provider may change your other medicines or change their doses.

MEDICINES YOU SHOULD NOT TAKE WITH ATRIPLA

• Do not take ATRIPLA if you are taking the following medicines because serious and life-threatening side effects may occur when taken together: Vascor^® (bepridil), Propulsid^® (cisapride),Versed^® (midazolam), Orap^® (pimozide), Halcion^® (triazolam), or ergot medications (for example, Wigraine^® and Cafergot^®).
• ATRIPLA should not be taken with: Combivir^® (lamivudine/zidovudine),
  COMPLERA^® (emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate),
  EMTRIVA^® (emtricitabine), Epivir^® or Epivir-HBV^® (lamivudine),
  Epzicom^® (abacavir sulfate/lamivudine),
  STRIBILD^® (elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF),
  Trizivir^® (abacavir sulfate/lamivudine/zidovudine),
  TRUVADA^® (emtricitabine/tenofovir DF), or VIREAD^® (tenofovir DF), because they contain the same or similar active ingredients as ATRIPLA. ATRIPLA should not be used with
  SUSTIVA^® (efavirenz) unless recommended by your healthcare provider.
• Vfend^® (voriconazole) should not be taken with ATRIPLA since it may lose its effect or may increase the chance of having side effects from ATRIPLA.
• Do not take St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), or products containing St. John’s wort with ATRIPLA. Taking St. John’s wort may decrease ATRIPLA levels and lead to increased viral load, and possible resistance to ATRIPLA or cross-resistance to other anti-HIV-1 drugs.
• ATRIPLA should not be used with HEPSERA^® (adefovir dipivoxil).

These are not all the medicines that may cause problems if you take ATRIPLA. Tell your healthcare provider about all prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, or herbal supplements you are taking or plan to take.

What are the possible side effects of
ATRIPLA (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)?

ATRIPLA may cause the following additional serious side effects:

• Serious psychiatric problems. Severe depression, strange thoughts, or angry behavior have been reported by a small number of patients. Some patients have had thoughts of suicide, and a few have actually committed suicide. These problems may occur more often in patients who have had mental illness.
• Kidney problems (including decline or failure of kidney function). If you have had kidney problems, or take other medicines that may cause kidney problems, your healthcare provider should do regular blood tests. Symptoms that may be related to kidney problems include a high volume of urine, thirst, muscle pain, and muscle weakness.
• Other serious liver problems. Some patients have experienced serious liver problems, including liver failure resulting in transplantation or death. Most of these serious side effects occurred in patients with a chronic liver disease such as hepatitis infection, but there have also been a few reports in patients without any existing liver disease.
• Changes in bone mineral density (thinning bones). Lab tests show changes in the bones of patients treated with tenofovir DF, a component of ATRIPLA. Some HIV patients treated with tenofovir DF developed thinning of the bones (osteopenia), which could lead to fractures. Also, bone pain and softening of the bone (which may lead to fractures) may occur as a consequence of kidney problems. If you have had bone problems in the past, your healthcare provider may want to do tests to check your bones or may prescribe medicines to help your bones. Also, bone pain and bone softening may occur because of kidney problems.

Common side effects:

• Patients may have dizziness, headache, trouble sleeping, drowsiness, trouble concentrating, and/or unusual dreams during treatment with ATRIPLA. These side effects may be reduced if you take ATRIPLA at bedtime on an empty stomach; they tend to go away after taking ATRIPLA for a few weeks. Tell your healthcare provider right away if any of these side effects continue or if they bother you. These symptoms may be more severe if ATRIPLA is used with alcohol and/ormood-altering (street) drugs.
• If you are dizzy, have trouble concentrating, and/or are drowsy, avoid activities that may be dangerous, such as driving or operating machinery.
• Rash is a common side effect with ATRIPLA that usually goes away without any change in treatment. Rash may be serious in a small number of patients. Rash occurs more commonly in children and may be a serious problem. If a rash develops, call your healthcare provider right away.
• Other common side effects include: tiredness, upset stomach, vomiting, gas, and diarrhea.

Other possible side effects:

• Changes in body fat have been seen in some people taking anti-HIV-1 medicines. Increase of fat in the upper back and neck, breasts, and around the trunk may happen. Loss of fat from the legs, arms, and face may also happen. The cause and long-term health effects of these changes in body fat are not known.
• Skin discoloration (small spots or freckles) may also happen.
• In some patients with advanced HIV infection (AIDS), signs and symptoms of inflammation from previous infections may occur soon after anti-HIV treatment is started. If you notice any symptoms of infection, contact your healthcare provider right away.
• Additional side effects are inflammation of the pancreas, allergic reaction (including swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat), shortness of breath, pain, stomach pain, weakness, and indigestion.

This is not a complete list of side effects. Tell your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you notice any side effects while taking ATRIPLA (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate).

You should take ATRIPLA once daily on an empty stomach. Taking ATRIPLA at bedtime may make some side effects less bothersome.

Please see Full Prescribing Information, including “What is the most important information I should know about ATRIPLA” in the Patient Information section.

A new drug to treat HIV infection was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Monday.

Marketed as Tivicay, the medication interferes with an enzyme that is essential to the ability of the HIV virus to multiply and spread within the human body, the agency said in a news release. It is a pill that is to be taken once a day with other HIV drugs, according to the FDA.

"HIV-infected individuals require treatment regimens personalized to fit their condition and their needs," Dr. Edward Cox, director of the Office of Antimicrobial Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said in the release. "The approval of new drugs like Tivicay that add to the existing options remains a priority for the FDA."

Approved for use in both people who have been diagnosed with HIV but have never taken medications to treat the virus and in those who have taken other HIV drugs, Tivicay (dolutegravir) is also approved for certain children under the age of 12.

The approval was based on the results of five clinical trials involving more than 2,500 patients. Insomnia and headaches were common side effects of the medication, along with hypersensitivity and abnormal liver function in HIV patients who have also been diagnosed with hepatitis B and/or C, the agency said in the release.

Almost 50,000 Americans are infected with HIV every year, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and more than 15,000 died of the disease in 2010.

Tivicay is made by GlaxoSmithKline, based in Research Triangle Park, N.C., according to the FDA.

WHO RISK ASSESSMENT Human infections with influenza A(H7N9) virus 13April 2013

WHO RISK ASSESSMENT

Human infections with influenza A(H7N9) virus

13April 2013

Summary of available information
As of 13April 2013, a total of 49 confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9)
virus have been reported to WHO by the China National Health and Family Planning Commission.
Among these cases, the ages range from 4 to 87; 15 are female. Eleven persons have died, and the
majority of the additional cases are considered severe. Of the 49 cases, 6 have been reported today
and further investigations are taking place. The cases have been reported from three provinces:
Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and two municipalities, Beijing and Shanghai. All locations are in Eastern
and Northern China.
Two confirmed cases have been associated with possible family clusters, in which one and two
additional family members,respectively, developed severe pneumonia. Close contacts of confirmed
cases and health care workers caring for cases have been monitored for infection. So far, among the
contacts who have been tested by polymerase chain reaction, none has been shown to have
infection.
This is the first time human infection with this influenza subtype, avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, has
been detected. Previously,sporadic cases of human infection with otherinfluenza A(H7) viruses
have been reported. Those cases were associated with outbreaks of infection in poultry in other
countries. These earlierinfluenza A(H7) human infections generally resulted in mild influenza illness
with some conjunctivitis.
Genetic and laboratory characterization of the first three of these H7N9 virusesisolated from
humans indicatesthat:

• the virus contains a group of avian influenza virus genes from three different avian influenza
viruses;
• to date, genetic analyses of the isolates have shown certain changes, including amino acid
substitutions associated with increased affinity to alpha 2-6 receptors, which suggests that
the H7N9 virus may have greater ability to infect mammalian species, including humans,
than most other avian influenza viruses;
• there are sequence variations among the genes of three isolates that suggestthere has been
more than one introduction of this virus from animal into humans;
• these viruses are expected to be sensitive to the neuraminidase inhibitor drugs oseltamivir
and zanamivir, but resistant to the antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine;
• the isolates have a haemagglutinin structure thatis associated with low pathogenicity in
birds.
There are several gaps in critical information at this time, including the animal reservoir(s)in which
this virus is circulating, the main exposures and routes of transmission for how human infections
have been acquired, and the current scope of the spread of this virus among animal and human
populations. Avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses have now been isolated from poultry (including duck)
and pigeon in the live birdmarketsin some areas of China, but whether other potential reservoirs of

this virus may exist, including in other domestic and wild bird species, and mammalian species such
as pigs, has not yet been determined clearly.
So far, this virus has not been associated with reports of severe disease in poultry.
Risk assessment
This initial risk assessment, which has been prepared in accordance withWHO’s published
recommendations for rapid risk assessment of acute public health events1
will be updated as further
information becomes available.
What is the risk of the occurrence of further cases in the affected areas of China and other areas?
The epidemiology of this virus among animals, including the main reservoirs of infection among
animals and the extent of geographic spread, is not yet established. However, it is likely that most
human H7N9 infections so far are associated with infection among as-of-yet undetermined animals
and that further human cases of infection should be expected.
What is the risk of human-to-human transmission?

There is no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission. However the two possible family
clusters suggestthat limited human-to-human transmissionmay occur where there is close contact
between cases and other individuals, as occurs in families and, potentially, healthcare settings.
Moreover, the genetic changes seen among these viruses suggesting adaptation to mammals is of
concern, and further adaptation may occur.
What isthe risk of international spread?
At this time, there is no information to indicate international spread of this virus. However, it is
possible that an infected person, who may or may not have symptoms, could travel to another
country. However, if the virus cannot sustain human-to-human transmission, as appears to be the
current situation, then extensive community spread is unlikely.
WHO does not advise special screening at points of entry with regard to this event, nor does it
recommend that any travel or trade restrictions be applied.


References
Most recent disease outbreak news can be found at:
http://www.who.int/csr/don/en/index.html
Background and summary of human infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus (as of 5 April 2013):
http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/update_20130405/en/index.html
Frequently Asked Questions on human infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus, China:
http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/faq_H7N9/en/index.html

Human infection with a new type of influenza virus A(H7N9)

The World Health Organization (WHO) has been officially notified by the China National Health and Family Planning Commission about human infection (and deaths) with an influenza virus subtype A(H7N9) that has not been previously reported in humans. There is no indication of human-to-human transmission associated with these patients. WHO is working closely with it's Collaborating Centres for influenza to discuss and strengthen diagnostics and case management. At present, the reservoir, source of infection and mode of transmission remain unknown.

Yellow fever vaccination booster not needed

17 MAY 2013 | GENEVA - The yellow fever ‘booster’ vaccination given ten years after the initial vaccination is not necessary, according to WHO. An article published in WHO’s Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER) reveals that the Organization’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization (SAGE) has reviewed the latest evidence and concluded that a single dose of vaccination is sufficient to confer life-long immunity against yellow fever disease.

Since yellow fever vaccination began in the 1930s, only 12 known cases of yellow fever post-vaccination have been identified, after 600 million doses have been dispensed. Evidence showed that among this small number of “vaccine failures”, all cases developed the disease within five years of vaccination. This demonstrates that immunity does not decrease with time.

Important news for yellow fever endemic countries and travellers

“The conventional guidance has been that the yellow fever vaccination has had to be boosted after ten years,” says Dr Helen Rees, chair of SAGE. “Looking at really very good evidence, it was quite clear to SAGE that in fact a single dose of yellow fever vaccine is effective. This is extremely important for countries where yellow fever is endemic, because it will allow them to reconsider their vaccine scheduling. It is also important for travelers.”

Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that is endemic to 44 countries in tropical areas of Africa and the Americas. Infection with the yellow fever virus causes varying degrees of disease, from mild symptoms to severe illness with bleeding and jaundice and fatal outcomes.

Estimated 200 000 new cases each year

There are an estimated 200 000 cases of yellow fever worldwide each year. About 15% of people infected with yellow fever progress to a severe form of the illness, and up to half of those will die, as there is no cure for yellow fever. The treatment is aimed simply at reducing patients’ discomfort.

The vast majority of reported cases and deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. In endemic regions of Africa, yellow fever natural immunity is acquired with age, putting children at highest risk of infection. Over the past two decades, the number of yellow fever cases worldwide has increased due to declining population immunity to infection, deforestation, urbanization, population movements and climate change.

Vaccination is the most effective measure

Vaccination is considered to be the most important and effective measure against yellow fever. Protective immunity develops within 30 days for 99% of people receiving the vaccination. For routine immunization programmes in Africa, home to 31 of the 44 yellow-fever endemic countries, the vaccine costs about $0.82 per dose.

SAGE is the principal advisory group to WHO for vaccines and immunization. It is charged with advising WHO on overall global policies and strategies, ranging from vaccines and technology, research and development, to delivery of immunization and its linkages with other health interventions. SAGE is concerned with all vaccine-preventable diseases including childhood vaccines and immunization.

For more information please contact:

Fadéla Chaib
Communications Officer/Spokesperson
Telephone: +41 22 791 32 28
Mobile: +41 79 475 55 56
E-mail: chaibf@who.int

Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus

17 MAY 2013 - Since 8 May 2013, no new laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) have been reported to WHO by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, China. However, four additional deaths have been reported from previously laboratory-confirmed cases.

To date, WHO has been informed of a total of 131 laboratory-confirmed cases, including 36 deaths.

Authorities in affected locations continue to maintain enhanced surveillance, epidemiological investigations, close contact tracing, clinical management, laboratory testing and sharing of samples as well as prevention and control measures. In the past week, the Shanghai and Zhejiang provincial governments have started to normalize their emergency operations into their routine surveillance and response activities. WHO offices in country, regional and headquarters continue to work closely to ensure timely information updates.

Until the source of infection has been identified and controlled, it is expected that there will be further cases of human infection with the virus.

So far, there is no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission.

WHO does not advise special screening at points of entry with regard to this event, nor does it currently recommend any travel or trade restrictions.

WHO continues to work with Member States and international partners. WHO will provide updates as the situation evolves.

Researching HIV in WikiLeaks Cables

All 251,287 WikiLeaks "Cablegate" cables have now been released (apparently by opponents of Assange). They are searchable, and 'HIV' is mentioned in 1534 of them. While 107 cables are tagged 'HIV', many other relevant cables are not.

Several specialized search engines will search this huge archive for whatever you want. We used www.CableDrum.net for this article. (Apparently the full text of the cables is indexed in Google, though not in Bing.)

To try CableDrum yourself, visit the site and type HIV into the "Search text" box, then click the Search button. A search might take half a minute or so, but then you should see the Subject of the first 25 of the 1534 cables containing 'HIV'. To read the full text of the cable, click the "Reference ID" on the left of the Subject line.

For this article we decided to look at two issues:

• What was the U.S. reaction as it became clear that Australia was doing much better than the U.S. in AIDS prevention -- apparently due mainly to very different policies on needle exchange?
• How did the U.S. embassies see PEPFAR (President's Emergency Fund for AIDS Relief), the outstandingly successful U.S. program to make AIDS treatment available on a large scale to poor countries that otherwise had very little access?

Our research is incomplete, and presented mainly to show you how to use the cable database.

AUSTRALIA AND NEEDLE EXCHANGE

"[Needle exchange programs] have played a vital role in helping prevent the spread of blood-borne illnesses in Australia, according to Paul Dessaur of WASUA. 'In Australia, for instance, the rate of HIV amongst injecting drug users is less than 1 percent, and that is unheard of, and it's purely because we introduced these programs way back in 1986,' he said." [2012,www.cdcnpin.org/scripts/display/NewsDisplay.asp?NewsNbr=59528]

We don't have a comparable U.S. figure for the infection rate among IDUs, but it is probably well over 10 times higher.

Our search for HIV and Australia as tags found nothing. A search for:
HIV Australia
in the full text found 79 cables. Most of them were unrelated, so we tried:
Australia hiv "syringe exchange"
with no result. But:
Australia hiv "needle exchange"
found one result, www.cabledrum.net/cables/09MOSCOW3072, which is relevant (one of only two we've found so far). It described Russia's chief medical officer as "positive about needle exchange
programs, saying that they were proving effective."

Searching for
Australia "needle exchange"
(no need to mention HIV) found 7 results, including the above, plus another relevant cable (www.cabledrum.net/cables/09UNVIEVIENNA64), also dated 2009, referred to the "new USG [United States Government] position: support for needle exchange programs as a method to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS, and for medication-assisted therapy as part of a comprehensive treatment protocol against narcotic addiction, and continued USG opposition to the term 'harm reduction'." 

What we have not yet done is to read through all the cables mentioning just "needle exchange", "syringe exchange", or with a tag HIV (about 150 cables in all), to find anything that may be relevant.

But already it seems fairly clear already that there is no acknowledgement or discussion of Australia's success with needle exchange anywhere in the text of the 251,287 cables obtained by WikiLeaks. Any such cable would almost certainly include the word 'Australia', and either 'needle exchange' or 'syringe exchange', and we checked all of those cables.

PEPFAR SUCCESS

Our work on this search is less complete. Much more remains to be done.

There is no tag for 'PEPFAR' (which seems odd), but the word appears in 587 of the cables. The next step might be to read all places where 'PEPFAR' appears in these cables, to see what is interesting. This would exclude the cable about checking whether the 20 telephones in a new PEPFAR office were working correctly -- and those with only general statement of good intentions, such as:
"USG-Nigeria PEPFAR team submitted the 2010 annual Country Operation Plan (COP) to the Global AIDS Coordinator January 29. The plan builds a partnership for sustainability with the Nigerian Government to continue strengthening ongoing service delivery to patients; renew focus on health systems strengthening; and align activities with the Nigerian National Strategic Framework for HIV-AIDS, 2010-2015. The Plan will also intensify and focus prevention efforts; deepen integration of HIV-AIDS response into the broader health care system; strengthen the health care system at all levels; and expand access to quality services. USAID's proposed FY2010 PEPFAR budget is 249.9 million dollars."

THE SURPRISE

What most surprised us is the lack of perspective in the diplomatic world -- how little attention and actual thinking concern HIV, an epidemic that has killed tens of millions of people including half a million in the U.S. Vastly more attention goes into the drug war -- a shooting war which, in its current form, started a century ago in the U.S., and has been a continuous failure ever since. It still has no victory in sight, only more of the same. The basic flaw may be the same as in other U.S. shooting wars -- the lack of any sane or real mission, since the actual purpose of the war is to create financial opportunities for corporations, contractors, careerists, and other well-placed special interests.

A fundamental problem is that perspective and thinking are dangerous in diplomatic (and other government or corporate) careers; those who think may not last. In theory the thinking will be done at higher levels, but the system is too corrupt for that. So major institutions proceed like zombies, decade after decade and century after century, with results that we see every day.